Search results are not all plain blue links. Some show extra details pulled from the page, such as the cooking time on a recipe. Many of these extras come from structured data added to the page. It is a small piece of code that tells Google exactly what a page contains.
Google calls these enhanced listings rich results. Structured data can make a page eligible for them, though Google never promises they will appear. This guide explains what structured data is, which format Google prefers and how to test it. It sticks to what Google’s own Search Central documentation says.